income gearing

фин., учет, брит. кредитное плечо доходов* (доля прибыли до вычета налогов и процентов, которая идет на выплату процентов по заемному капиталу)

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1) Британский английский: использование заёмного капитала для увеличения прибыли

2) Биржевой термин: леверидж доходов

3) ЕБРР: доля прибыли, идущая на погашение процентов

фин., учет, брит. = income gearing

1) соотношение между собственными и заемными средствами компании или банка

2) повышение доходности инвестиций без увеличения суммы инвестиций

[ˈgɪərɪŋ, AM ˈgɪr-]

1. TECH (transmission) Getriebeabstufung f, Übersetzung[sstufe] f, Antrieb m; (system) of gears Getriebe nt; of toothed wheels Verzahnung f, Eingriff m

2. BRIT FIN, ECON

[equity] \gearing Verhältnis nt zwischen Eigen- und Fremdkapital, Verschuldungsgrad m

income \gearing Verhältnis nt von Finanzaufwendungen zum Gewinn nach Steuern, Zinsbelastung f der Gewinne

high/low \gearing hoher/niedriger Verschuldungsgrad

3. FIN (borrowing money) [festverzinsliche] Fremdkapitalaufnahme f

4. STOCKEX einfacher Hebel

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1) (AUT) Auslegung f (der Gänge)

2) (FIN of company) Verhältnis nt zwischen Eigen- und Fremdkapital

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gearing s TECH

1. (Zahnrad)Getriebe n, (-)Antrieb m, Vorgelege n, Triebwerk n

2. Übersetzung f (eines Getriebes)

3. Verzahnung f

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Getriebe - n.

Rädergetriebe n.

•

- capital gearing

- equity gearing

- income gearing

- long-term capital gearing

the practice of borrowing money to invest in property or shares and claiming a tax deduction on the difference between the income and the interest repayments

1) отношение; соотношение; пропорция

2) коэффициент

1) отношение; соотношение; пропорция

2) коэффициент

•

- accounting ratio

- acid-test ratio

- advance-decline ratio

- assessment ratio

- asset turnover ratio

- average ratio

- bad loan ratio

- balance-sheet ratio

- benefit-cost ratio

- bid-to-cover ratio

- capital ratio

- capital adequacy ratio

- capital asset ratio

- capitalization ratio

- capital-output ratio

- cash ratio

- cash-deposit ratio

- collection ratio

- common stock ratio

- contribution margin ratio

- conversion ratio

- correlation ratio

- cost-effectiveness ratio

- cost-to-income ratio

- cover ratio

- coverage ratio

- creditor/purchases ratio

- current ratio

- current assets ratio

- current assets turnover ratio

- current liquidity ratio

- debt ratio

- debt-equity ratio

- debt-service ratio

- debt service coverage ratio

- debt-to-assets ratio

- debt-to-equity ratio

- debt-to-exports ratio

- debt-to-GDP ratio

- debt-to-income ratio

- debt-to-total-assets ratio

- deposit-currency ratio

- depreciation reserve ratio

- design ratio

- dividend cover ratio

- dividend payment ratio

- dividend payout ratio

- earning ratio

- earning power ratio

- effectiveness ratio

- equity ratio

- expense ratio

- external debt service ratio

- financial ratio

- fixed assets turnover ratio

- fixed capital depreciation ratio

- fixed investment ratio

- foreign exchange conversion ratio

- free capital ratio

- fund-creating ratio

- gearing ratio

- general liquidity ratio

- gross profit ratio

- hedge ratio

- interest coverage ratio

- investment ratio

- leverage ratio

- liquid ratio

- liquid assets ratio

- liquidity ratio

- loan-deposit ratio

- long-term debt ratio

- loss ratio

- marginal income ratio

- margin of profit ratio

- market ratio

- market/book ratio

- market value ratio

- mobilization ratio

- mutual fund cash-to-assets ratio

- net profit ratio

- nonperforming subloan ratio

- operating ratio

- operating cost ratio

- own funds ratio

- payout ratio

- percentage ratio

- placement ratio

- ploughback ratio

- preferred stock ratio

- price ratio

- price-cost ratio

- price-earnings ratio

- price-net tangible assets ratio

- price-to-sales ratio

- primary capital ratio

- profit ratio

- profit-and-loss-sharing ratio

- profitability ratio

- profit-capital ratio

- profit-to-sale ratio

- profit-volume ratio

- prudential ratio

- put-call ratio

- quick ratio

- quick assets ratio

- reserve ratio

- resource mobilization ratio

- return ratio

- revenue-covenant ratio

- risk assets ratio

- self-financing ratio

- solvency ratio

- subscription ratio

- till cash ratio

- times covered ratio

- total assets turnover ratio

- turnover ratio

- volatility ratio

- working capital ratio

- ratio of allotment

- ratio of the amount of the borrower's current assets to current liabilities

- ratio of capital turnover

- ratio of current assets to current liabilities

- ratio of investment to sales

- ratio of reserves to liabilities

- ratio of working expenses

• capital, assets, management, earnings, liquidity rating

( CAMEL rating) ocjenjivanje kapitala, imovine, upravljanja, zarade i likvidnosti (banke)

• capital control kontrola kapitala

• capital duty porez na (povećanje) kapital(a)

• capital expenditure kapitalni izdatak

• capital export izvoz kapitala

• capital flight bijeg kapitala

• capital flow tok kapitala

• capital formation stvaranje kapitala

• capital gain dobitak od kapitala, kapitalni dobitak

• capital gains tax porez na kapitalni dobitak

• capital gearing udio kapitala u bilanci (odnos vlastitoga kapitala i obveza)

• capital income dohodak od kapitala

• capital inflow priljev kapitala

• capital inflows triggered by interest rate differentials priljev kapitala potaknut razlikom u kamatnim stopama

• capital influx priljev kapitala

• capital intensive investment kapitalno intenzivna investicija

• capital levy kapitalni porez

• capital loss kapitalni gubitak

• capital market trћiљte kapitala

• capital market imperfection nedostatak trћiљta kapitala

• capital market securities vrijednosni papiri na trћiљtu kapitala

• capital mobility pokretljivost kapitala

• capital movement kretanje kapitala

• capital outflow odljev kapitala

• capital ratio udio kapitala

• capital requirement stopa obveznoga drћanja kapitala (banaka), zahtjev za kapitalom

• capital reserve pričuva kapitala

• capital risk rizičnost kapitala

• capital share udio u kapitalu

• capital spending kapitalna potroљnja

• capital subscribed by members ( of mutual societies) kapital koji su upisali članovi (uzajamnih druљtava)

• capital subscription upisivanje kapitala

• capital sum kapitalna svota

Bilj.: Maksimalna jednokratna isplata u slučaju smrti ili invaliditeta zbog nesretnoga slučaja

• capital tax porez na kapital

• capital test test kapitala

• capital transfer prijenos kapitala

• capital-to-asset ratio omjer kapitala i imovine

• consumption of fixed capital potroљnja fiksnoga kapitala

• core capital osnovni kapital

• debt capital tuđi kapital

• depository institution capital kapital depozitne institucije

• disruptive capital movement kapitalno kretanje koje uzrokuje poremećaje

• disturbance of the capital market poremećaji na trћiљtu kapitala

• domestic capital market domaće trћiљte kapitala

• economic capital target cilj ekonomskoga kapitala

Bilj.: Razina kapitala koju banke smatraju primjerenom za pokrivanje budućih rizika

• eligible capital zakonom propisan kapital

• equity capital temeljni/vlasnički kapital

• European capital market europsko trћiљte kapitala

• export of capital izvoz kapitala

• extra-Community capital movement kapitalno kretanje izvan Zajednice

• financial capital financijski kapital (dio ukupnoga kapitala)

• fixed capital fiksni kapital

• fixed capital formation investicije u dugotrajnu imovinu (fiksni kapital)

• flight of capital bijeg kapitala

• floating capital plutajući kapital

• flow of capital tok kapitala

• foreign capital inozemni kapital

• foreign capital market inozemno trћiљte kapitala

• free capital slobodni kapital

• fully-paid share capital potpuno uplaćene dionice

• gross capital formation bruto investicije

Bilj.: Bruto investicije se sastoje od bruto investicija u dugotrajnu imovinu (fiksni kapital) i promjena zaliha.

• gross capital stock bruto kapital

• gross fixed-capital formation bruto investicije u dugotrajnu imovinu (fiksni kapital)

• import of capital uvoz kapitala

• industrial capital industrijski kapital

• inflow of capital priljev kapitala

• international capital međunarodni kapital

• international capital allocation međunarodna alokacija kapitala

• international capital movement međunarodno kretanje kapitala

• investment in fixed capital investicija u fiksni kapital

• inward capital movement priljev kapitala

• liberalization of capital movement liberalizacija kretanja kapitala

• loan capital kreditni kapital

• long-term capital dugoročni kapital

• long-term capital movement kretanje dugoročnoga kapitala

• medium-term capital movement kretanje srednjoročnoga kapitala

• minimum initial capital najmanji početni kapital

• minimum start-up capital najmanji početni kapital

• movement of capital kretanje kapitala

• net inflow of capital neto priljev kapitala

• net outflow of capital neto odljev kapitala

• net working capital neto obrtni kapital

• outflow of capital odljev kapitala

• personal capital movement kretanje osobnoga kapitala

• recycling of capital ponovno iskoriљtavanje kapitala

• registered capital upisani kapital

• regulatory capital element sastavnica jamstvenoga kapitala

• regulatory capital ratio udio jamstvenoga kapitala

• restriction on capital movement ograničenje kretanja kapitala

• risk capital rizični kapital

• short-term capital movement kratkoročno kretanje kapitala

• speculative capital movement spekulativno kretanje kapitala

• start-up capital početni kapital

• subscribed capital upisani kapital

• surplus capital viљak kapitala

• total adjusted capital ukupni usklađeni kapital

• uncalled capital neotplaćeni/neuplaćeni kapital

• unpaid capital neuplaćeni kapital, neuplaćeni dio dioničkoga kapitala

• venture capital poduzetnički kapital

• working capital obrtni kapital

1) согласование, приведение в соответствие

2) регулирование, выравнивание

3) исправление; корректировка; поправка

4) наладка; регулировка

negative ['negətɪv]

1 adjective

négatif;

∎ a negative answer une réponse négative;

∎ he's a very negative sort of person c'est quelqu'un de très négatif;

∎ she's always so negative about my plans elle trouve toujours quelque chose à redire à mes projets;

∎ the result of the test was negative le résultat de l'examen était négatif

2 noun

(a) Grammar négation f;

∎ in the negative à la forme négative;

∎ double negative double négation

(b) (answer) réponse f négative, non m inv;

∎ to reply in the negative répondre négativement ou par la négative

(c) Photography négatif m

(d) Electricity & Physics (pôle m) négatif m

3 transitive verb

(a) (cancel → instruction) annuler; (nullify → effect) neutraliser, réduire à néant

(b) (reject → proposition, evidence) rejeter, repousser

(c) (deny) nier, réfuter

►► Finance negative amortization amortissement m négatif;

Finance negative amortization loan prêt m à amortissement négatif;

Electricity & Physics negative earth négatif m, terre f reliée au moins;

Finance negative equity (UNCOUNT) plus-value f immobilière négative, = situation où l'acquéreur d'un bien immobilier reste redevable de l'emprunt contracté alors que son logement enregistre une moins-value;

negative feedback (in electronic circuit) contre-réaction f, réaction f négative; (in mechanical or cybernetic system) feed-back m négatif, rétroaction f négative;

∎ figurative we got a lot of negative feedback from the questionnaire ce questionnaire a révélé de nombreuses réactions négatives;

Australian Finance negative gearing = dégrèvement fiscal accordé à une personne qui a réalisé un investissement à perte;

British Finance negative income tax impôt m négatif sur le revenu;

Finance negative interest intérêt m négatif;

Medicine negative ion therapy ionisation f ou aéroionisation f négative;

Finance negative pledge clause f de nantissement négative;

negative pole (of magnet) pôle m sud;

Finance negative prescription prescription f extinctive;

Psychology negative reinforcement renforcement m négatif;

negative sign signe m moins ou négatif

SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Public utilities

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He was the third child and the eldest of three boys born to John Murdoch and Anna Bruce. His father, a millwright and joiner, spelled his name Murdock on moving to England. He was educated for some years at Old Cumnock Parish School and in 1777, with his father, he built a "wooden horse", supposed to have been a form of cycle. In 1777 he set out for the Soho manufactory of Boulton \& Watt, where he quickly found employment, Boulton supposedly being impressed by the lad's hat. This was oval and made of wood, and young William had turned it himself on a lathe of his own manufacture. Murdock quickly became Boulton \& Watt's representative in Cornwall, where there was a flourishing demand for steam-engines. He lived at Redruth during this period.

It is said that a number of the inventions generally ascribed to James Watt are in fact as much due to Murdock as to Watt. Examples are the piston and slide valve and the sun-and-planet gearing. A number of other inventions are attributed to Murdock alone: typical of these is the oscillating cylinder engine which obviated the need for an overhead beam.

In about 1784 he planned a steam-driven road carriage of which he made a working model. He also planned a high-pressure non-condensing engine. The model carriage was demonstrated before Murdock's friends and travelled at a speed of 6–8 mph (10–13 km/h). Boulton and Watt were both antagonistic to their employees' developing independent inventions, and when in 1786 Murdock set out with his model for the Patent Office, having received no reply to a letter he had sent to Watt, Boulton intercepted him on the open road near Exeter and dissuaded him from going any further.

In 1785 he married Mary Painter, daughter of a mine captain. She bore him four children, two of whom died in infancy, those surviving eventually joining their father at the Soho Works. Murdock was a great believer in pneumatic power: he had a pneumatic bell-push at Sycamore House, his home near Soho. The pattern-makers lathe at the Soho Works worked for thirty-five years from an air motor. He also conceived the idea of a vacuum piston engine to exhaust a pipe, later developed by the London Pneumatic Despatch Company's railway and the forerunner of the atmospheric railway.

Another field in which Murdock was a pioneer was the gas industry. In 1791, in Redruth, he was experimenting with different feedstocks in his home-cum-office in Cross Street: of wood, peat and coal, he preferred the last. He designed and built in the backyard of his house a prototype generator, washer, storage and distribution plant, and publicized the efficiency of coal gas as an illuminant by using it to light his own home. In 1794 or 1795 he informed Boulton and Watt of his experimental work and of its success, suggesting that a patent should be applied for. James Watt Junior was now in the firm and was against patenting the idea since they had had so much trouble with previous patents and had been involved in so much litigation. He refused Murdock's request and for a short time Murdock left the firm to go home to his father's mill. Boulton \& Watt soon recognized the loss of a valuable servant and, in a short time, he was again employed at Soho, now as Engineer and Superintendent at the increased salary of £300 per year plus a 1 per cent commission. From this income, he left £14,000 when he died in 1839.

In 1798 the workshops of Boulton and Watt were permanently lit by gas, starting with the foundry building. The 180 ft (55 m) façade of the Soho works was illuminated by gas for the Peace of Paris in June 1814. By 1804, Murdock had brought his apparatus to a point where Boulton \& Watt were able to canvas for orders. Murdock continued with the company after the death of James Watt in 1819, but retired in 1830 and continued to live at Sycamore House, Handsworth, near Birmingham.

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[ˈreɪʃɪəu]

accounting ratio учетный показатель acid test ratio коэффициент критической оценки (отношение ликвидности фирмы к сумме долговых обязательств) acid-test ratio вчт. коэффициент критической оценки activity ratio показатель экономической активности aspect ratio вчт. коэффициент сжатия availability ratio вчт. коэффициент готовности capacity ratio коэффициент использования производственных мощностей capital-output ratio капиталоемкость capital-to-assets ratio выч. отношение суммы капиталовложений к стоимости активов capitalization ratio процентное соотношение элементов структуры капитала компании cash ratio коэффициент ликвидности cash ratio коэффициент наличных средств cash ratio норма кассовых резервов compaction ratio вчт. коэффициент уплотнения compression ratio вчт. коэффициент сжатия consumption ratio относительный показатель потребления contribution margin ratio коэффициент выручки conversion ratio коэффициент пересчета correlation ratio корреляционное отношение cover ratio отношение покрытия current ratio отношение оборотного капитала к долгосрочным обязательствам current ratio отношение текущих активов к текущим пассивам компании debt-equity ratio отношение задолженности к собственному капиталу debt-equity ratio соотношение собственных и заемных средств банка distribution ratio коэффициент распределения equity capital ratio отношение собственного капитала компании к общей сумме активов equity ratio отношение собственного капитала к общей сумме активов expense ratio соотношение расходов и доходов financial ratio финансовый коэффициент fixed capital ratio доля вложений в основной капитал floor-area ratio процент застройки gearing ratio соотношение собственных и заемных средств банка gross margin ratio коэффициент валовой прибыли hit ratio вчт. коэффициент нахождения данных in direct (inverse) ratio прямо (обратно) пропорционально incremental capital-output ratio капиталоемкость input-output ratio коэффициент материалоемкости input-output ratio отношение единицы затрат к единице выпуска продукции input-output ratio технологический коэффициент inventory turnover ratio показатель движения товарных запасов inverse price ratio обратное отношение цен inverse ratio обратная пропорциональность inverse ratio обратное отношение land use ratio процент землепользования liquidity ratio коэффициент ликвидности long-term debt ratio отношение суммы долгосрочного долга к активам loss ratio уровень убыточности minimum reserve ratio минимальная норма резервного покрытия miss ratio коэффициент неудач money-income ratio отношение суммы денег к доходу net profit ratio уровень чистой прибыли numerical ratio числовой коэффициент operating ratio коэффициент издержек operating ratio операционный коэффициент output-capital ratio капиталоотдача ownership ratio доля владения ownership ratio доля собственности payout ratio коэффициент выплаты прибыли компании в форме дивидендов plot ratio коэффициент использования земельного участка production capacity ratio коэффициент использования производственного оборудования production volume ratio относительный объем производства profit ratio коэффициент рентабельности profit ratio норма прибыли quantitative ratio количественное соотношение quick ratio коэффициент критической оценки quick ratio отношение ликвидности фирмы к сумме долговых обязательств quick ratio эк.произ. отношение текущих активов за вычетом запасов и незавершенного производства к текущим пассивам ratio доля ratio коэффициент ratio норма покрытия ratio относительная величина ratio относительный показатель ratio отношение ratio (pl -os) мат. отношение, пропорция; коэффициент, соотношение; ratio of exchange эк. (количественное) меновое отношение ratio тех. передаточное число ratio пропорция ratio процент ratio соотношение ratio степень ratio (pl -os) мат. отношение, пропорция; коэффициент, соотношение; ratio of exchange эк. (количественное) меновое отношение ratio of subscription подписной коэффициент ratio of the progression знаменатель прогрессии recall ratio норма возврата reciprocal ratio обратное отношение required reserve ratio требуемая норма резервного покрытия required reserve ratio требуемая резервная норма reserve ratio норма резервного покрытия reserve ratio резервная норма response ratio вчт. коэффициент реактивности reverse ratio обратное отношение sampling ratio доля выборки savings ratio норма накопления savings ratio норма сбережений sex ratio процентное соотношение между полами solvency ratio коэффициент платежеспособности solvency ratio отношение акционерного капитала к суммарным активам stock turnover ratio оборот товарных запасов stock turnover ratio отношение товарных запасов к сумме продаж subscription ratio подписной коэффициент turnover ratio коэффициент оборачиваемости капитала turnover ratio оборачиваемость капитала utilization ratio коэффициент загрузки utilization ratio коэффициент использования variance ratio отношение дисперсий